Mediating Effects of Sleep Quality on the Relationship between Job Stress and Stress Response of Shift-Working Nurses

PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to identify the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between job stress and stress response of shift-working nurses.METHODS: The participants in this study were 150 nurses who had more than 6 months of shift-working experience. A survey was conducted from May to June 2017 in a hospital in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The data were collected through self-report questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 program. The analysis was based on Baron and Kenny's model to examine the mediating effects of sleep quality on the relationship between job stress and stress response of shift-working nurses.RESULTS: In the first and second steps, job stress was identified as a significant predictor of sleep quality (β=.29, p=.001) and stress response (β=.24, p=.004). In the third step, sleep (β=.55, p < .001) was observed as a significant predictor of stress response, and the direct relationship between job stress and stress response was not significant (β=.07, p=.291). Sleep quality was found to exhibit complete mediating effect on the relationship between job stress and stress response.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that strategies for managing the stress of shift-working nurses should include effective ways to ensure sleep quality.

Influential Variables on Intention and Action to Quit Smoking between Adolescent Smokers and Adult Smokers-Based on the Transtheoretical Model / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study identified and compared influential variables on intention and action to quit smoking between adolescent smokers and adult smokers. METHODS: For the selection of variables, the transtheoretical theory was used. A survey was conducted with 376 adolescent smokers in 4 high schools and 451 adult smokers in community settings in South Korea. Discriminant analysis was used for data analysis RESULTS: The variables of adolescent smokers that predicted an intention to quit smoking were: smoking temptation, self re-evaluation, counter conditioning and stimulus control. The variables that predicted an action to quit smoking were: self-efficacy for smoking abstinence, pros for smoking, self reevaluation, and self liberation. The variables of adult smokers that predicted an intention to quit were: smoking temptation, pros for smoking, cons for smoking, self reevaluation. The variables that self liberation and predicted an action to quit smoking were: self efficacy for smoking abstinence, smoking temptation, and counter conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Developing stage specific smoking intervention methods based on different ways of how individuals make a decision to quit smoking within their contexts needs to be done.

The Effects of Guided Imagery on Nursing Students Performing Intramuscular Injections / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The anxiety and stress of nursing students on performance intramuscular injection diminished nursing skill performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the guided imagery program on anxiety, stress and nursing skill performance of nursing students. METHOD: The study design was time series with a nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest study. The Data were collected from the 30th of Oct. to the 6th of Nov. 2001. The objects of this study were 36 sophomores of university(18 for the experimental group, 18 for the control group). The Instruments used in this study were State Trait Anxiety Inventory developed by Spielberger (1972), Visual Analogue Scale for Stress and Nursing skill performance developed by the researcher. The guided imagery was provided through audiotapes to the subjects for 8 minutes. The pretest was given before the therapy to measure variables for both groups and the posttests were performed after intervention. The data were analyzed by the SAS program using t-test and paired t-test. RESULT: The results of this study are as follows. The level of anxiety of students who received the guided imagery were significantly lower than that of control group. the level of stress had a deeling tendency and the nursing skill performance level was significantly higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION: The guided imagery suggested as an effective nursing intervention did reduce the anxiety and promoted nursing skill performance of nursing students.

An Analysis of Primary Causes for Waiting for Inpatient Admission and Length of stay at Emergency Medical Center(EMC) / 기본간호학회지

This research identifies the ingress to egress primary factors that causes a patient to receive delayed emergency medical care. This material was collected between February 1st to 28th, 1998. Research envolved 4,118 people who visited the college emergency medical center in Kyeongido Province, South Korea. Medical records were examined, using the retrospective method, to determine the length of stay and the main cause for waiting. Results are as follows: 1. The age group with the highest admission rate was 10 and under, approximately 1,394 (33.9%). Followed by an even distribution for ages between 11-50 at 10-15% for their respective ranges. The lowest admission rate was 50 years and above. 2. From the 4,118 records examined, 3,489 received outpatient treatment (84.7%); 601 were admitted for inpatient care (14.6%); 25 arrived dead on arrival (0.6%); and 4 people died at the hospital. 3. Between 7PM to 12AM, 42.9% were admitted to the EMC. The hours from 9PM to 11PM recorded the highest admission rate and 5AM to 8AM was the lowest. From 8PM to 12AM, the most beds were occupied. 4. For most patients, the average length of stay was approximately 2.2 hours. By medical department, external medicine was the longest for 2.8 hours. Pediatrics was the shortest for 1.6 hours. The average waiting period for inpatient admission was 2.6 hours. Inpatient admission for pediatrics and external medicine was 3.4 hours and 2.2 hours respectively. 5. Theses are primary factors for delay at EMC: 1) pronged medical consultations to decide between inpatient versus outpatient treatment, and delaying to be inpatient, 2) when you call physicians they are delayed to come, 3) Understaffing during peak or critical hours, 4) Excessive consulting with different medical departments, 5) some patients require longer monitoring periods, 6) medical records are delayed in transit between departments, 7) repeated laboratory tests make delay the result, 8) overcrowded emergency x-ray place causes delay taking x-ray and portable x-ray, 9) the distance between EMC and registration and cashier offices is too far, 10) hard to control patient's family members. The best way to reduce EMC waiting and staying time is by cooperation between departments, both medical and administrative. Each department must work beyond their job description or duty and help each other to provide the best medical service and satisfy the patient needs. The most important answer to shortened the EMC point from ingress to egress is to see things from a patient point of view and begin from there to find the solution.

Death Orientation of the Korean Adult: Data was focused on residents who were living in urban area / 기본간호학회지

Death and dying of human being is a comprehensive system, and death orientation, the subjective meaning related to every component of the death system is developed throughout life. this study was designed and carried out to identify, describe and classify the orientations of Korean adult toward the death system. In an attempt to measure the subjective meaning of death and dying, unstructured Q-methodology was used. The 65 Q-statements developed by Kim(1994), used by Kim(1994) and Park(1996) were adopted as Q-population and 39 Q-statements were selected by the three researchers for Q-items for this study. Thirty-three P-samples were sampled from P-population of literature Korean men and women, 35 and 55 years of age, lived in urban Korea for the last 10 years. Sorting of the 39 Q-items according to the level of personal agreement, and a forced normal distribution into the 9 levels were carried out by the P-samples. the Z-scores of the Q-sort data were computed, and the principal components factor analysis by PC-QUANL Program were carried out. the demographic, socio-cultural and health-related attributes of the P-samples were descriptively analysed. Eight types of death orientation were identified : Type I ; "naturalist". Six P-samples. Death is a natural phenomena, to be accepted as it is and to follow its natural course. Prefer to be informed of all facts and possibilities concerning the course of dying and death to occur to self. Type II ; "life-after-life negator". Three P-samples. Time and process of death is the destiny of each person. Death means 'darkness' and 'end to every thing, the absolute end'. Yet, wish physical integrity at the dying and after death. Type III ; "life-after-life believer". Six P-samples. Men are travellers passing by this life bound to the life-after-life. Priority concerns are on the activities. to prepare self for the eternal life ahead. Disregard premature and sudden death. Type IV ; "here-now believer". Five P-samples. Positive regard to the cremation of the body and donation of the organs on death. Regard religious and customary post-mortem rituals meaningless. Negate life-after life. Type V ; "believer of rituals". Five P-samples. Death being accepted as a part of a natural end to, and destiny of human life. Concerned to ensure a dignified end to personal life and dignified post-mortem rituals. Type VI ; "Realist"(derived from Type I). Tow P-samples. Life and death as universal reality. The abrupt death at golden age at the peak of happiness is favored to avoid inevitable physical and mental distress of self and the family. Agreed to the cremation of the body. disregard rituals. Type VII ; "Fatalist"(derived from Type II). Five P-samples. Not favored, yet, all man are destined to death, the inevitable end of all living beings. to ensure dignified end by personal consummation, information. on one's dying and imminent death are to be shared. Type VIII ; "reality avoider"(derived from Type III. One P-sample. Negative to longevity, artificial prolongation of, meaningless and distressful life. Highly positive to post-mortem organ donation.

The Effects of the Resistance Exercise Program on the Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient's Functional Disability, Biochemical Parameters, Self-Efficacy and Family Support / 기본간호학회지

This Research is an attempt to ind out what effects the resistance exercise program has on the rheumatoid arthritis patient's functional disability and biochemical parameters. The research took place from June to November 1996, and the target included an experimental group of 25 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and a control group of 26 cases of rheumatoid arthritis taken from the Anam Medical Center at Korea University. The resistance exercise program was executed on these patients five times a week during a period of eight weeks. Before and after the experiments, measurements of functional disability score, ESR, CRP, self-efficacy, and family support were taken and closely analyzed. The results of this analysis are as follows : 1. After the experiment, the experimental group had less functional disabilities compared to the control group(t=9.11, P=0.0017). 2. After the experiment, the ESR of both the experimental and the control groups decrease, but there was not notable difference between the two groups(t=0.07, P=0.9546). 3. After the experiment, the CRP of both the experimental and the control groups decreased, with no significant different between them(t=0.53, P=0.6022). 4. After the experiment, the self-efficacy of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group(t=3.15, P=0.0042), but the self-efficacy had no effect on the actual practice of the program. 5. After the experiment, the family support of the experimental group was higher than of the control group(t=6.33, P=0.0013), but again the family support had no effect on the actual practice of the program. Judging from the results of these experiments, the resistance exercise program not only diminishes rheumatoid arthritis patients' functional disabilities, but also has a great influence on increasing their self-efficacy and family support. Concluding, indiminishing the functional disabilities of rheumatoid arthritis, the resistance exercise program would be appropriate nursing intervention.